When Apple designed the MacBook keyboards, they were probably thinking of which commands we will be using the most when they assigned shortcuts to specific functions, but as with everything else that is being used by millions of people, actual usage does not always align with intended purpose, so many default keys are left unused while some missing keys remain desired. If you have a lot of unused keyboard shortcuts yourself and would like to replace their functions with something that you actually use, below is a guide on how to remap keys on your Mac.

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• How To Assign Apps To Open Media In Mac Os
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Which Keys Can You Remap?

There are several sets of keys on your Mac keyboard that perform individual functions. You can modify the functions of some keys, but there are some that you cannot. Among the sets of keys that the functions of which you can easily change and remap according to your needs are the function and modifier keys.

Sep 11, 2020 Click the Mission Control icon in the Dock to open the Spaces bar at the top of the Mac display. Click the plus sign to the far right of the Spaces bar to add additional desktop spaces. To switch between multiple desktops, click the Mission Control icon in the Dock and select the preferred desktop in the Spaces bar that appears at the top of.

The function keys are usually located at the top most part of your keyboard and are either marked with a letter F followed by a number (e.g. F1, F2, F3, etc.) or an icon that signifies what they do (e.g. sun icon for brightness and speaker icon for volume).

The modifier keys, on the other hand, are the sets of keys that you use in combination with another key to perform specific functions like the CMD, CTRL, Caps Lock, Shift, and Option keys.

Pressing a media key on your keyboard should send a message to the currently-active application, if it's one that supports media keys; If not, the most recently-active media-key-supporting application should be sent the message; If no application is available, open the default media-key-supporting application (e.g. ITunes, but configurable). A number of applications can install on macOS enabled to start up after booting, once a user logs in. For the most part, this is a handy thing to happen, as some applications can certainly benefit. May 21, 2020 It will be instantly familiar once you start using it. Press the Command+Tab keys and then hold the Command key to bring up the floating app switcher. Here, you’ll see all of the apps that you have open. Now, while holding the Command key, press the Tab key to move forward through the list of open apps, one at a time. Control-Option-Command-Power button. or Control-Option-Command-Media Eject: Quit all apps, then shut down your Mac. If any open documents have unsaved changes, you will be asked whether you want to save them. Control-Command-Q: Immediately lock your screen. Shift-Command-Q: Log out of your macOS user account. You will be asked to confirm. You can control many of your Mac’s functions, navigate the file system, open, copy, move, and delete files, and much more. With these five methods, you may find that launching apps is quicker. How to set apps to launch at startup on a Mac: From the Dock menu. The dock is an easy way to get the everyday use app as soon as you open the Mac, but setting the apps to launch at startup will make the process even faster. There is an option to set apps to launch at startup on a Mac from the Dock menu in case the app you are looking to set in.

What Do Function Keys Do?

Traditionally, Function keys were designed to work as shortcuts to system-related commands usually buried under convoluted menus and submenus; however, since they are not frequently used by the average user, Function keys have been increasingly remapped to provide quick access to basic customization tools (like brightness or volume control) although their traditional functions have not been completely removed but simply delegated to the backseat instead.*

For example, in the current Mac keyboard design,

1. Pressing F1 reduces brightness.
2. Pressing F2 increases brightness.
3. Pressing F3 lets you switch to “Expose” view to see all running programs or apps.
4. Pressing F4 gives you quick access to business, communication and Internet tools.
5. Pressing F7 lets you rewind a video that you were watching.
6. Pressing F8 displays thumbnails of your current work spaces.
7. Pressing F9 launches “Mission Control.”
8. Pressing F10 shows all open windows for the active application.
9. Pressing F11 hides all open windows and shows the desktop instead.
10. Pressing F12 shows or hide the dashboard.

*To use the traditional functions of the Function keys, you have to press F1 or F2 together with the Fn key.

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**F5 and F6 has no specific function attached to it by default.

What Do Modifier Keys Do?

Like Function keys, modifier keys also work as keyboard shortcuts to frequently used commands. Some examples of commands that your modifier keys are assigned to perform by default are:

1. Command+A which selects all items in the active window
2. Command+C which copies highlighted items.
3. Command+X Cuts the selected items
4. Command+F which opens the “Find” dialog
5. Command+I which shows additional information about the currently selected item.
6. Command+M which minimizes the active window
7. Command+Z which undoes a previous action
8. Command+V which pastes items previously cut or copied
9. Command+O which opens the selected item
10. Command+W which closes the active window

Aside from being used as keyboard shortcuts for system-wide commands, modifier keys can also be used to execute application-specific commands like:

1. Command+Option+Space which opens the “Spotlight” menu.
2. Command+Shift+A which opens the “Applications” folder.
3. Command+Shift+U which opens the “Utilities” folder
4. Command+Shift+I which connects you to your iDisk
5. Shift–Command–(?) which opens the “Help” menu.

How to Remap Keys on Your Mac

If you are not happy with the default functions of your Function and Modifier keys, you can easily remap the keys on your Mac to assign keyboard shortcuts according to your specific needs and preferences.

To remap the Function keys and change how they work,

Go to the Apple menu

1. Open “System Preferences,”
2. Click on the “Keyboard” tab.
3. Select “Shortcuts.”
4. Select “Use all F1, F2, etc. keys as standard function keys.

To remap the modifier keys and assigned new key combinations for shortcuts, Youtube app in mac.

1. Follow Steps 1 to 3
2. Click on “Modifier Keys.”
3. Select the modifier key that the function of which you wish to change.
4. Choose the new action that you want the modifier key to do when clicked on.

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This works for system-wide commands; however, you can also remap keys to perform certain functions while particular certain apps.

To do this,

1. Follow Steps 1 to 4
2. Select “App Shortcuts.”
3. Click on the “Add” button (the one with the plus icon).
4. Click on “Application”

1. 1. Choose the application for which you want to use the new keyboard shortcut.
   2. If you can’t find the app that you want on the list, choose “Other” then find the app by using the “Open” dialog (note that some apps do not allow users to create custom keyboard shortcuts).
   3. If you want to use the same shortcut for multiple applications, select “All Applications.”

1. Go to the “Menu Title” field.

1. 1. Type the menu command for which you want to create a new shortcut, like “Merge All Windows,” for example.
   2. If the menu command that you wish to make a shortcut for takes several steps to reach, type the menu command in the exact order of steps that you need to do to reach that particular command, with each step separated by the “>” character. For example, if you want to create a shortcut to the “Export to PDF” command, type in “File > Export to PDF” in the “Menu Title” field.

1. After that, go to the “Keyboard Shortcut” field, then press the combination of keys that you want to use for your custom keyboard shortcut.
2. Click “Add.”
3. Follow the same steps if you want to create separate keyboard shortcuts for specific apps.

Just make sure that the new keyboard shortcut that you created isn’t already assigned to another command. Otherwise, it’s not going to work unless you will change the shortcut that was created first. If you don’t know which keyboard shortcuts have already been assigned to which commands, you can use this detailed list for reference.

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As an admin, you can use app permission policies to control what apps are available to Microsoft Teams users in your organization. You can allow or block all apps or specific apps published by Microsoft, third-parties, and your organization. When you block an app, users who have the policy are unable to install it from the Teams app store. You must be a global admin or Teams service admin to manage these policies.

You manage app permission policies in the Microsoft Teams admin center. You can use the global (Org-wide default) policy or create and assign custom policies. Users in your organization will automatically get the global policy unless you create and assign a custom policy. After you edit or assign a policy, it can take a few hours for changes to take effect.

Note

Org-wide app settings override the global policy and any custom policies that you create and assign to users.

If your organization is already on Teams, the app settings you configured in Tenant-wide settings in the Microsoft 365 admin center are reflected in org-wide app settings on the Manage apps page. If you're new to Teams and just getting started, by default, all apps are allowed in the global policy. This includes apps published by Microsoft, third-parties, and your organization.

Say, for example, you want to block all third-party apps and allow specific apps from Microsoft for the HR team in your organization. First, you would go to the Manage apps page and make sure that the apps that you want to allow for the HR team are allowed at the org level. Then, create a custom policy named HR App Permission Policy, set it to block and allow the apps that you want, and assign it to users on the HR team.

Note

If you deployed Teams in a Microsoft 365 Government Community Cloud (GCC) environment, see Manage org-wide app settings for Microsoft 365 Government to learn more about third-party app settings that are unique to GCC.

Create a custom app permission policy

If you want to control the apps that are available for different groups of users in your organization, create and assign one or more custom app permission policies. You can create and assign separate custom policies based on whether apps are published by Microsoft, third-parties, or your organization. It's important to know that after you create a custom policy, you can't change it if third-party apps are disabled in org-wide app settings.

1. In the left navigation of the Microsoft Teams admin center, go to Teams apps > Permission policies.

2. Click Add.
   

3. Enter a name and description for the policy.

4. Under Microsoft apps, Third-party apps, and Custom apps, select one of the following:

   • Allow all apps
   • Allow specific apps and block all others
   • Block specific apps and allow all others
   • Block all apps

5. If you selected Allow specific apps and block others, add the apps that you want to allow:

   1. Select Allow apps.
   2. Search for the apps that you want to allow, and then click Add. The search results are filtered to the app publisher (Microsoft apps, Third-party apps, or Custom apps).
   3. When you've chosen the list of apps, click Allow.

6. Similarly, if you selected Block specific apps and allow all others, search for and add the apps that you want to block, and then click Block.

7. Click Save.

Edit an app permission policy

You can use the Microsoft Teams admin center to edit a policy, including the global policy and custom policies that you create.

1. In the left navigation of the Microsoft Teams admin center, go to Teams apps > Permission policies.
2. Select the policy by clicking to the left of the policy name, and then click Edit.
3. From here, make the changes that you want. You can manage settings based on the app publisher and add and remove apps based on the allow/block setting.
4. Click Save.

Assign a custom app permission policy to users

You can assign a policy directly to users, either individually or at scale through a batch assignment (if supported for the policy type), or to a group that the users are members of (if supported for the policy type).

To learn about the different ways that you can assign policies to users, see Assign policies to your users in Teams.

Manage org-wide app settings for Microsoft 365 Government

In a Microsoft 365 Government - GCC deployment of Teams, it's important to know the following about third-party app settings, which are unique to GCC.

In GCC, all third-party apps are blocked by default. Additionally, you'll see the following note about managing third-party apps on the app permission policies page in the Microsoft Teams admin center.

Use org-wide app settings to control whether users can install third-party apps. Org-wide app settings govern the behavior for all users and override any other app permission policies assigned to users. You can use them to control malicious or problematic apps.

1. On the Permission policies page, select Org-wide app settings. You can then configure the settings you want in the panel.

2. Under Third-party apps, turn off or turn on these settings to control access to third-party apps:

   • Allow third-party apps: This controls whether users can use third-party apps. If you turn off this setting, your users won't be able to install or use any third-party apps. In a Microsoft 365 Government - GCC deployment of Teams, this setting is off by default.
   • Allow any new third-party apps published to the store by default: This controls whether new third-party apps that are published to the Teams app store become automatically available in Teams. You can only set this option if you allow third-party apps.

3. Under Blocked apps, add the apps you want to block across your organization. In a Microsoft 365 Government - GCC deployment of Teams, all third-party apps are added to this list by default. For any third-party app you want to allow in your organization, remove the app from this blocked apps list. When you block an app org-wide, the app is automatically blocked for all your users, regardless of whether it's allowed in any app permission policies

4. Click Save for org-wide app settings to take effect.

As mentioned earlier, to allow third-party apps, you can either edit and use the global (Org-wide default) policy or create and assign custom policies.

FAQ

Working with app permission policies

What app interactions do permission policies affect?

Permission policies govern app usage by controlling installation, discovery, and interaction for end users. Admins can still manage apps in the Microsoft Teams admin center regardless of the permission policies assigned to them.

Can I control line of business (LOB) apps?

Yes, you can use app permission policies to control the rollout and distribution of custom (LOB) apps. You can create a custom policy or edit the global policy to allow or block custom apps based on the needs of your organization.

How do app permission policies relate to pinned apps and app setup policies?

You can use app setup policies together with app permission policies. Pre-pinned apps are selected from the set of enabled apps for a user. Additionally, if a user has an app permission policy that blocks an app in their app setup policy, that app won't appear in Teams.

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Can I use app permission policies to restrict uploading custom apps?

You can use org-wide settings on the Manage apps page, or app setup policies to restrict uploading custom apps for your organization.

To restrict specific users from uploading custom apps, use custom app policies. To learn more, see Manage custom app policies and settings in Teams.

Does blocking an app apply to Teams mobile clients?

Yes, when you block an app, that app is blocked across all Teams clients.

User experience

What does a user experience when an app is blocked?

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Users can't interact with a blocked app or its capabilities, such bots, tabs, and messaging extensions. In a shared context, such as a team or group chat, bots can still send messages to all participants of that context. Teams indicates to the user when an app is blocked.

For example, when an app is blocked, users can't do any of the following:

• Add the app personally or to a chat or team
• Send messages to the app’s bot
• Perform button actions that send information back to the app, such as actionable messages
• View the app’s tab
• Set up connectors to receive notifications
• Use the app’s messaging extension

The legacy portal allowed controlling apps at the organization level, which means when an app is blocked, it's blocked for all users in the organization. Blocking an app on the Manage apps page works exactly the same way.

For app permission policies assigned to specific users, if an app with bot or connector capability was allowed and then blocked, and if the app is then allowed only for some users in a shared context, members of a group chat or channel that don't have permission to that app can see the message history and messages that were posted by the bot or connector, but can't interact with it.

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